Forging plant



3 Sheets-Sheet '1.

(No Model.)

Patented Nov. 9, 1886.

l-Illl \VITN ESSES:

N warms. Phntn-Lilhngnphar. Wnshing'un. o. c.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. HAINSWORTH.

FORGIING PLANT.

No. 352.314. Patented Nov. .9, 1886.

WITNESSES:

NY PETERS, Photo-Lithographer, Washinglum v.0.

, (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

W. HAINSWORTH.

FOEGING PLANT.

XNVENTOR,

N. PETERS, PhohrLiUlognphor, Wuhingwn, D C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM HAINSWORTH, OF FITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

FORGING PLANT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 352,314, dated November 9, 1886. Application filed June 28, 1886. Strial No. 206,392. (No model.)

ered certain new and useful Improvements in specification.

In the accompanying drawings, which make part of this specification, Figure 1 is a top plan view of my improved forging apparatus. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same on the line 00, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a similar section on the line y y, Fig. 1.

The invention herein relates to certain improvements in apparatus for forging steel shafts, cannon, gun-tubes, and other like articles. In Patent No. 317,767 granted to me May 12,1885, is described an apparatus or plant for forging or compressing shafts, &c., while held in a vertical position, said plant being so arranged as to permit a continuous and progressive heating and forging of the shafts, &c.,'thereby avoiding unequal strains and producing practically perfect homogeneity throughout the completed forging.

The invention herein described has for its object such a construction and arrangement of parts as will adapt the plant for operation upon shafts, 8250., varying greatly in size, and will also effect a more rapid and perfect reduction of the articles to .be treated; and to these ends the invention consists in the construction and combination of parts, substan- Forging Plants, of which the following is a tially as hereinafter described and claimed.

Upon a suitable bed or foundation is placed the yoke or frame, the sides of which-are bolted, the single-acting hydraulic cylinders 2 3 4. arranged in tandem or one behind the other, as shown. Each of these cylinders is provided with a piston, as 5, 6, and 7, the pistons 5 and 6 being provided with rearwardlyprojecting piston-rods, 8 and 9, projecting through suitable stuffing-boxes in the rear heads of these cylinders and having their ends rounded to engage a correspondinglyshaped socket formed in the front ends of the pistons or rams 6 and 7. The cylinders 2, 3,

and 4. are connected by pipes 10, 11, and 12 to a branch pipe, 13, of the supply-pipe14, which in turn is connected by pipes 15 to a battery to connect the pumps and cylinders and the cylinders and an outlet, 20, leading from the valve-case.

To the forward end of the piston 5 of the front cylinder is secured the hammerhead 21,

which is provided with lateral wings 22, ar-

ranged to rest at their outer ends upon ways 23, formed on or secured to the sides of the frame 1. (See Fig. 3.) Beneath the cylinder 2 is secured what I term the retracting-cylinder 24, having the piston 25, which is connected by its rod 26 to a bracket, 27, depending from the projecting end of the piston 5.

The cylinder 24 is connected by a pipe, 28, to an accumulator, (not shown,) in which sufficient pressure is maintained to enable the piston 25 to retract the piston 5 and through it the pistons 6 and 7. As the sole function of the piston 25 is to retract the other pistons, it can be made comparatively small, and only a comparativelylow pressure will be needed in the accumulator to operate it. As the pistons 5, 6, and 7 are moved forward, the piston 25 is also drawn forward, thereby forcing the water in the cylinder 24. into the accumulator.

At the end of the frame 1, opposite that 00- cupied by the hydraulic cylinders above mentioned, isplaced the anvil 29, resting upon the ways 23. The rear end of this anvil is inclined, as shown in Fig. 2, and has formed on it a dovetailed projection, 30, for engagement with a correspondingly-shaped recess, 31, formed in theinclined side of the wedge 32, the opposite or straight side of the wedge also being provided with a similarly-shaped recess, 33, arranged to engage a dovetailed projection, 34, formed on the end of the frame 1. To the lower end of the wedge 32 is secured the upper end of the ram 35 of the hydraulic cylinder 36, arranged in a pit below the frame. (See Fig. 2.) It will be seen that any movement imparted, to the wedge, by the ram 35 will effect an in or out movement of the anvil, as the anvil, wedge, and frame are interlocked, as above stated.

At right angles to the axis of the frame 1 is formed {a pit, 36, which extends under the frame at a point midway between the hammer and anvil. (See Figs. 1 and 2.) In the bottom of the pit are arranged two trough-like rails, 37, in which are placed a series of steel cylinders, 38, free to rotate back and forth in the trough, and in the cylinders is mounted the table 39, which is moved to and fro in the pit by the ram of the hydraulic cylinder 41, the outer end of the ram being provided with an upwardly-projecting finger, 42, adapted to engage an opening, 43, in the table 39.

In the center of the table 39 is formed an opening for the reception of the lower end of the block 44, said block being provided with sockets and 46 at its upper and lower ends, for the reception of the-lower endof the ingot to be forged and the upper end of the ram 47 of the hydraulic lifting-cylinder 48, said cyl inder being located in the auxiliarypit 49 in line with the meeting-point of the hammer 21 and anvil 29. The table 39 is heldin place on the lower end of the block 44 by the ring or collar 50, bolted to the lower end of the block, as shown, saidbl-ock being free to turn in the opening in the table.

1 On the block 44, immediately above the table, is located a toothed collar, 51, provided with flanges 52, projecting beyondthe teeth thereof. (See Fig. 5.) On a squared shaft, 53, mounted in bearings '54 and 55, is placed the. pinion 56, arranged to move along the shaft 53 while in engagement with the toothed collar 51, (see Fig. 3,) and on the upper end of the shaft 53 is secured the beveled pinion 57, intermeshing with the correspondinglyshaped pinion 58 on the horizontal shaft 59, which is rotated by any suitable power. The flanges 52 serve to keep the pinion in mesh with the toothed collar, while the socket is raised and lowered.

Over the pit 36 is erected a heating-furnace,

.60, the axis of said furnace being in line with the meeting-point of the hammer and anvil and with the axis of the ram 47. Through the furnace is formed an axial opening of a diameter sufficient to receive the largest ingot possible to be forged in the plant. The furnace is supported a suitable distance above the hammer and anvil by pillars 61. (See Fig. 3.)

In order that the reduction effected during the forging operation may be equal on all sides and throughout the entire length, it is necessary that the hammer should be forced in or given a uniform length of stroke during such reduction, and to this end a dial, 62, is attached to a post or lug on the cylinder 2, and through the post and the center of this dial is passed a short shaft, on one end of which is secured a hand, 63, arranged to move around the dial, and on the opposite end is secured a 1 pinion, 64, meshing with a rack, 65, mounted in ways on the cylinder 2, and connected at.

its rear end to the piston-rod 8. This device will always indicate the amount of movement imparted to the piston 5, and consequently the distance thecenter of the article to be forged, which is held by the socket 45 with its center line in line with the meeting-point of the anvil and hammer. I

In order to guide the platform or table 39 during its up-and-down movements, angular guides 66, engaging the corners of the table, are secured to the sides of the pit and firmly braced together. The lower ends of the front guides are cut off a sufficient distance to permit of the passage of the table thereunder as it is moved back and forth in the pit, as clearly shown in Fig. 3. a p

In operating my improved plant, the platform or table 39 is lowered onto the cylinders 38, and is then drawn by the hydraulic ram 41 to the left-hand side of the pitin Fig. 3, or, in other words, from under the forging apparatus. The ingot to be forged is then lowered into the pit, its lower end being placed in the socket 45. The table is then moved back into position over the ram 47, which is then moved up until the ingot is entirely within the fur nace 60. After the ingot has been properly heated, it is lowered until the portion just above the socket is between the anvil 29and hammer 21. The anvil is next adjusted up to the ingot by raising the ram 35 and with it the wedge 32. As soon as the anvil has a firm bearing against the ingot, the valves in thepipes 10 and 13 are then opened, admitting water to the cylinder 2 and forcing the hammer against the ingot. As soon as the desired compression has been effected, the valve in the pipe 13 is so turned as to cut off the flow of 'water from the pumps and to permit the escape of water from the cylinder2 through the outlet 20. As soon as pressure in the cylinder 2 is relieved, the water in the accumulator connected to the cylinder 24 forces the piston 25 back with a quick movement, and with it the piston 5 and hammer 21. The ingot is then turned a short distance through the medium of the shafts 53 and 59 and pinion 56, when the hammer is again forced out. This operation is continued until the ingot has been compressed on all sides, when it is lowered until a new portion is in position between the hammer and anvil. Care should be taken during the above operation that the anvil is firmly held during the of the face of the hammer from strokes of the hammer against the ingot. This ion meshing with a rack formed on or secured to the wedge.

In forging large ingots the single cylinder 2 will not be sufficiently powerful to effect the required reduction. In such cases, either the cylinders 2 and 3 or 2, 3, and 4 are used, the

number used being dependent upon the power required. When the cylinders 2, 3, and dare used, the valves in the pipes 10, 11, and 12 are fi rst opened. Then the flow of water to and from the several cylinders is controlled by the valve in the branch 13. The valves in the pipes 10, 11, and 12 should be so adjusted that the pis-, ton in the cylinder 4 will move first, then that in the cylinder 3. This successive movement of the pistons can be effected by allowing the water to flow a little faster into the rear cylinders, and such movement prevents any hammering of one piston against the other.

The cylinders are'increased in diameter from the front to the rear, the stroke of the pistons being the, same in all, and by a proper adjustment of the valves in the pipes 10, 11, and 12 either one, two, or three can be usedas, for example, either the cylinders can be used alone or the cylinders 2 and 3 or 3 and 4 or 2 and 4, according to the amount of power required.

I claim herein as my invention 1. In a forging plant, the combination of a hammer, a series of two or more cylinders provided with pistons, said cylinders and pistons arranged to operate simultaneously or one at a time on said hammer, and an anvil, substantially as set forth.

2. In a forging plant, the combination of a hammer, a series of two or more oylindersprovided with pistons, said cylinders being operative independent of each other on the hammer through the medium of the pistons, and an anvil, substantially as set forth.

3. In a forging plant, the combination of a hammer, a series of two or more cylinders pro= vided with pistons arranged in tandem and operative on said hammer, and an anvil, substantially as set forth.

,4. In a forging plant, the combination of a reciprocating hammer, an anvil, a wedge for adjusting the anvil, and a cylinder and piston for operating the wedge, substantially as set forth.

5. In a forging plant, the combination of a moving said hammer in one direction, and a single-acting cylinder and piston under constant fluid-pressu re for moving the hammer in the opposite direction, substantially as set forth.

6. A forging plant comprising a horizontally-acting forging-press, a pit located under said press and extending laterally beyond the same, a truck located. in the bottom of the pit. and means for moving an ingot from the pit through between the jaws of the press, substantially as set forth.

7. A forging plant comprising a horizon- -tally-acting forging-press, a vertically-acting lift for moving an ingot between the jaws of 'the press, and means for rotating the ingot,

substantially as set forth.

8. In a forging plant, the combination of a reciprocating hammer, an adjustable anvil, and indices for indicating the amount of movement to the hammer and anvil respectively, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

WILLIAM HA INSWORTH. Witnesses:

R. H. WHITTLEsEY, O. M. CLARKE.

45 hammer, a single-acting cylinder and piston 

